Module `Logtk.Cnf`

Reduction to CNF and Simplifications

CNF allows to transition from a free-form AST (with statements containing formulas as TypedSTerm.t) into an AST using clauses and without some constructs such as "if/then/else" or "match" or "let". The output is more suitable for a Superposition-like prover.

There also are conversion functions to go from clauses that use TypedSTerm.t, into clauses that use the Term.t (hashconsed, and usable in unification, indexing, etc.).

We follow chapter 6 "Computing small clause normal forms" of the "handbook of automated reasoning" for the theoretical part.

A few notes:

In worst case, normal CNF transformation can lead to an exponential number of clauses, which is prohibitive. To avoid that, we use the Tseitin trick to name some intermediate formulas by introducing fresh symbols (herein named "proxies") and defining them to be equivalent to the formula they define.

This is done only if we estimate that adding the proxy will reduce the final number of clauses (See Estimation module).

Before doing CNF we remove all the high-level constructs such as pattern-matching and "let" by introducing new symbols and defining the subterm to eliminate using this new symbol (See Flatten module). It is important to capture variables properly in this phase (as in closure conversion).

type term = TypedSTerm.t
type form = TypedSTerm.t
type type_ = TypedSTerm.t
type lit = term SLiteral.t

exception Error of string
exception NotCNF of form

val miniscope : ?⁠distribute_exists:bool -> form -> form

Apply miniscoping transformation to the term.

parameter distribute_exists: see whether ?X:(p(X)|q(X)) should be transformed into (?X: p(X) | ?X: q(X)). Default: false

type options = | DistributeExists if enabled, will distribute existential quantifiers over disjunctions. This can make skolem symbols smaller (smaller arity) but introduce more of them. | DisableRenaming disables formula renaming. Can re-introduce the worst-case exponential behavior of CNF. | InitialProcessing of form -> form any processing, at the beginning, before CNF starts | PostNNF of form -> form any processing that keeps negation at leaves, just after reduction to NNF. Its output must not break the NNF form (negation at root only). | PostSkolem of form -> form transformation applied just after skolemization. It must not break skolemization nor NNF (no quantifier, no non-leaf negation).: Options are used to tune the behavior of the CNF conversion.

type clause = lit list: Basic clause representation, as list of literals

val clause_to_fo : ?⁠ctx:Term.Conv.ctx -> clause -> Term.t SLiteral.t list

type f_statement = (term, term, type_) Statement.t: A statement before CNF

type c_statement = (clause, term, type_) Statement.t: A statement after CNF

val pp_f_statement : f_statement CCFormat.printer
val pp_c_statement : c_statement CCFormat.printer
val pp_fo_c_statement : (Term.t SLiteral.t list, Term.t, Type.t) Statement.t CCFormat.printer
val is_clause : form -> bool
val is_cnf : form -> bool

Main Interface

val cnf_of : ?⁠opts:options list -> ?⁠ctx:Skolem.ctx -> f_statement -> c_statement CCVector.ro_vector: Transform the statement into proper CNF; returns a list of statements, including type declarations for new Skolem symbols or formulas proxies. Options are used to tune the behavior.

val cnf_of_seq : ?⁠opts:options list -> ?⁠ctx:Skolem.ctx -> f_statement Sequence.t -> c_statement CCVector.ro_vector
val type_declarations : c_statement Sequence.t -> type_ Logtk.ID.Map.t: Compute the types declared in the statement sequence

Conversions

val convert : c_statement Sequence.t -> Statement.clause_t CCVector.ro_vector: Converts statements based on TypedSTerm into statements based on Term and Type

`\|` `DistributeExists`	if enabled, will distribute existential quantifiers over disjunctions. This can make skolem symbols smaller (smaller arity) but introduce more of them.
`\|` `DisableRenaming`	disables formula renaming. Can re-introduce the worst-case exponential behavior of CNF.
`\|` `InitialProcessing of form -> form`	any processing, at the beginning, before CNF starts
`\|` `PostNNF of form -> form`	any processing that keeps negation at leaves, just after reduction to NNF. Its output must not break the NNF form (negation at root only).
`\|` `PostSkolem of form -> form`	transformation applied just after skolemization. It must not break skolemization nor NNF (no quantifier, no non-leaf negation).